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You don't need to include the protocol (the browser uses HTTP by default) or the port (which is only required when the targeted Web server is using some unusual port), but all the other parts of the URL are necessary. In your browser's address bar, a URL doesn't have any context, so you must provide a full (or absolute) URL, like the ones we saw above. The required parts of a URL depend to a great extent on the context in which the URL is used. Let's examine what the distinction between absolute and relative means in the context of URLs.

The URL standard defines both - though it uses the terms absolute URL string and relative URL string, to distinguish them from URL objects (which are in-memory representations of URLs).

What we saw above is called an absolute URL, but there is also something called a relative URL.